protected static $_observers = array( 'Orm\\Observer_Self' => array( 'events' => array('before_insert'), ), );to define the observer. You then define a public method _event_before_insert() (in this example). It will then be called before all insert operations. Note that it's not a static method, it's called on the model instance, so it has access to all model object internals via $this. To do something special in there it's impossible to document, so you'll have to dive into the internals of the model class. If you check the is_changed() method, you'll see that it checks the object property against the value of that property in $this->_original.
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