Route parsing uses a preg_replace(), so any valid regex for that function will do. You do not need to specify the delimiters, and you can use the normal regex placeholders ($1 etc) on the righthand side of the route definition...
If you want to use the match, you need to enclose it in brackets, like with any regex.
You can then append it to the URI like so: '([A-Z]{5})' => 'home/test/$1'.
In your controller, you'll use Uri::segment(3) to fetch the first parameter.